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The Duchy of Austria was a state of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1156 by the ''Privilegium Minus'', when the former March of Austria (''Ostarrîchi'') was detached from the Duchy of Bavaria and made a duchy in its own right. ==Geography== Initially, the duchy was comparatively small in area, roughly comprising the modern-day Austrian state of Lower Austria. It was located on the northern and southern shores of the Danube River, east of ("below") the Enns tributary. It was the site of the Carolingian Avar March. The duchy was established by Charlemagne in about 800, lost to the invading Magyars in 907 at the Battle of Pressburg, and re-established as a Bavarian march after King Otto I of Germany's victory at the 955 Battle of Lechfeld. Drosendorf, Raabs, Laa and other fortifications along the Thaya River, north of the historic Waldviertel and Weinviertel regions and separated by the Manhartsberg range, marked the border with the Duchy of Bohemia (elevated to a Kingdom in 1198) and the Moravian lands, both of which were held by the Czech Přemyslid dynasty. In the east, the border with the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Slovakia) had gradually shifted towards the plains of the Morava River and the Vienna Basin. On the right shore of the Danube, the lower Leitha River marked the Imperial–Hungarian border for centuries. In the south, Austria bordered the Styrian lands, which were elevated to a duchy in 1180. The territory originally inhabited by Celts was for centuries crossed in transit by several Germanic tribes and finally, around 500 settled by Slavic, predominantly Slovene tribes founding Carantania and Slovenia. In 631 Samo's Empire was established and after the invading Magyars finally settled, they mixed with the Slavic agricultural population. The expansion of the German Empire followed and after Habsburg's invasion of 1282 the Slavic continuity between Slovakia and Slovenia was disrupted forever. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Duchy of Austria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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